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:''Not to be confused with Cardinal Roberto de' Nobili (1541-59).'' Roberto de Nobili (1577 – 16 January 1656) was an Italian Jesuit missionary to Southern India. He used a novel method of adaptation (accommodatio) to preach Christianity, adopting many local customs of India which were, in his view, not contrary to Christianity. ==India== Born in Montepulciano, Tuscany in September 1577, Roberto de Nobili arrived in Goa in western India on 20 May 1605. It is probable that he met here Fr Thomas Stephens, SJ, who had arrived in Goa in 1579, and was probably in the process of composing his Khristapurana.〔See N. Falcao, ''Kristapurana: A Christian-Hindu Encounter: A Study of Inculturation in the Kristapurana of Thomas Stephens, SJ (1549-1619)'', (Pune: Snehasadan / Anand: Gujarat Sahitya Prakash, 2003).〕 After a short stay in Cochin in Kerala, he took up residence in Madurai in Tamil Nadu in November 1606. He soon called himself a "teacher of wisdom" (தத்துவ போதகர்), and began to dress like a ''Sannyasin''. Claiming noble parentage he approached high-caste people, and eagerly engaged in dialogue with Hindu scholars about the truths of Christianity. De Nobili mastered Sanskrit, Telugu and Tamil languages and literature, with the help of his teacher, Shivadharma. As he expounded the Christian doctrine in Tamil he coined several words to communicate his message. He used the word "''kovil''" (கோவில்) for a place of worship, "''arul''" (அருள்) and "''prasadam''" (பிரசாதம்) for grace, "''guru''" (குரு) for priest or teacher, "''Vedam''" (வேதம்) for the Bible, "''poosai''" (பூசை) for Mass, etc. He adopted also local Indian customs, such as shaving one's head and keeping only a tiny tuft. He wore a white ''dhoti'' and wooden sandals, to don the look of a ''sanyasin''. Another symbol he embraced was the wearing of a three-stringed thread across the chest. He interpreted the three-stringed thread as representing the Holy Trinity, Father, Son and Holy Spirit. He was one of the first Europeans to gain a deep understanding of Sanskrit and Tamil. He composed Catechisms, apologetic works and philosophic discourses in Tamil, and contributed greatly to the development of modern Tamil prose writing. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Roberto de Nobili」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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